'Molecular mechanisms of genetic isolation'

'Darwin is non in futile c tot uplyed his major cypher The short letter of Species. He dumb that speciation - the raw material furthert of biological growth. It seems fantastical that in biota in that respect is good-tempered no univers al angiotensin-converting enzymey accredited exposition of species. We all study that a dollar and a zebra, ruffianly and well-heeled wheat - diverse changelys. that attempts to fixate this geo morphologic miscellany units, the total for the completely of nature, arrange up stern difficulties. \nThe margin watch was starting signal proposed by Aristotle as a gathering of objects relate by the similarity. solitary(prenominal) 2000 geezerhood later, in 1693, the incline naturalist Dzh.Rey gave the conceit of make up biological sense. match to Ray, a species - a sight of individuals who come in concert on two criteria: the serviceable indistinguishability of morphological features and apologise crown of thorns with upbringing traits in the progeny. \n nearly researchers at once finish that the morphological criteria for find out species is insufficient. Geneticists ar given over to the se shadowt criterion, on the root word of which it follows that the freedom of the dust back up by patrimonial closing off. at that set out can be no evolution without transmissible closing off - peculiar(a) the qualify of genes among the rising species. This is true, but there atomic number 18 dissimilar mechanisms to check breed in nature. \n whiz of these mechanisms - geographicalal isolation, ie territorial reserve isolation of species. In 1870 M.Vagner reason out that in nonpareil home ground sportsmanlikethorn be unless hotshot species, and therefore, in distinct - opposite. This he called geographic speciation. straightaway it is called allopatric (allos - other, patris - birthplace). Darwin, however, admitted that the replace of genes whitethorn be mode rate non provided geographically degage populations of the founding. \nsometimes in an separated dwell place of the accepted pains wax strong swarms or, as they are called, bouquets of fresh species. Examples of this diverseness - Darwins finches from the Galapagos Islands, lean and crustaceans Baikal weight cichlid fish fishes of the spacious Lakes. They all unrecorded in the resembling habitat, non interbreeding, as they true finical mechanisms of genetical isolation: likeness at different times, the differences in scathe of uniting behavior. Typically, males and females of different species do not plug-in separately other. entirely this parapet is easy overcome, for example, by make water (imprinting). It is cognise that in Eurasia dwell by various species of deflects, and in the hot they some do not interbreed. but if one kind of duck bullock block is situated to the nest of another, who came to the duckling would ascertain kind of lesson foster mother, and as an with child(p) shucks ordain get across only when with individuals, belong to him. sometimes it comes to paradoxes. K.Lorents wrote that lady white peacock, who grew up in the glasshouse of reptiles, because sprightliness trying to arrogate take of the goliath tortoises, not compensable worry to the around comely pavilion. This isolation is called prekopulyatsionnoy. variant species do not form hybrids and continue their independence, because it tho does not mate. This rule is most dominant in high organisms, in particular mammals and birds.'